Reflection 20

In the 1800`s public high schools were developed and were described to be an alternative from private academies of the 18th century. High schools in the European and in the U.S times shared the same focus; which was to build a curriculum to prep students up for college classes. However, European high schools were more focused on their goals, from having longer hours of rigourous and challenging work then U.S high schools. U.S high schools are more interested in the outcome of how the nation is going to be benefited from one educated person. The commonality of children attending high school was more common than in Europe because Europeans would send their children to higher paying private schools. However it shows how the U.S falls short in the democratic principles in school. When comparing European and U.S high schools. The principles of Europe are to have students achieve their highest potential and without much technicality, for example, the testing that the U.S has adopted. High school became demanding and more popular to children who wanted to be prepared. Parents saw this as an opportunity for their children to be more educated then themselves. In Europe, they would categorize and segregate the groups of vocational and actual educational or academic classes. In America, its more as one institute for one thinking. Again, that’s a way that U.S has a downfall because Europe had two separate categories for students to achieve something, even if it was to train for a job or actual learning of philosophy and skills. To be in the European schools, a student must be motivated and knowledgeable for him or herself. In America, most students are forced and dragged by parents or by the government itself. Many people thought students would benefit more to be thrown in high school and to try to learn skills for a job or college. Considering school was inexpensive and relatively a chance for opportunity, however, the system doesn’t copare to Europe`s disciplined ways. To have students chose to be in job or continue higher thinking is a choice that helps balance Europe`s democratic principles in school.

Quiz 11

quiz 10

quiz 9

Reflection 19

In the old colonial times, Dame schools were created, they were private elementary schools that were taught by women in home school environment. Hornbooks made of wood that included the basics ABCs and prayers. These schools were used generally for the first century of colonial expansion. In the northern colonies, school was mandated appretenceship was implemented with children in 1642. Appretenceship was like an internship or training program of learning skills from other skill people . If the children were not that poor, a public school was a highky recommended option. Grammar shools and elementary schools were available for every 100 or 50 families per town. The puritan boys would go to school from six to eight years old and would take their education further. Girls were used in the household as their training for the future. In the middle colonies, after 1682, education was becoming more of a needed and mandated option for children. The education requirements were advancing as fast as the colonies were developing. As provisions for schools were being created, the law of 1683 was passed. Parents that had children must have them ready to read and write by twelve with a general apprenticeship in a trade. Without both of these requirements, fines would be implemented to parents. The education requirements were advancing as fast as the colonies were developing. After the 1700 no new provisions occurred and schools varied with religion and racial background. As public funding for education was booming, the southern states thought education should be everyone else`s personal responsibility if wanting to further education and not the states. Since slavery was in the souths, it was not beneficial for them and difficult to create public funding. To further and have mandatory education was not in place until 1875 lawsuit in Kalamazoo to support public high schools. In small village, the idea of creating a public high school was in the works. There were no provisions against funding public high schools. The states would grab the taxes for 13 years to support the school but the officials were not pleased and wanted some type of obligation pay back. Without this public high school idea, students who wanted to further their studies would have to be in private schools . If students did not have the money to go to school, it would put them in a position not to go to school and the state will have less educated people, which is not beneficial for them. The way of persuading the state is saying that high school was a preparatory step for college. This one case helped many more other cases create public high schools.

reflection 18

When reflecting on the quote, “In America, education has always been viewed as a vehicle for improving the society at large”, I nod my head yes because I agree on this idea. As a child from two parents who did not earn their high school degrees, I know that without education every person`s society is different. Many people who don’t get the necessary education bring the rest of the world down. When speaking about the economy, many people are not educated in knowing how to budget and save their money or they may not know about the harm in abusing credit cards. I can reminisce back on my senior year and I remember this speaker came in class and spoke about credit cards. She spoke about how to use one, when to use one, and how interest rates are calculated. If I was not in school and getting my education, I could have been one less person not knowing the fundamentals of a credit card. The speaker educated a class of thirty young students that could have made a differences in society .Education is what moves people to bigger and better things. The word vehicle in the quote can relate to mobility a career can take someone. Without an education, a career cannot be developed and made. As school in 20th century were becoming beginning start to workplace and learning was to keep productive, it was a starting point in why education became powerful and needed in every person in society. By people being educated¸ it brings people closer because they are in the path of knowing what is wrong or right. People who seek education are already in the path towards improvement. When taking the path of improvement, it provides and gives themselves and others a chance to do better. Society can only benefit with people who are educated and have the right mind to carry out ides to continue in developing a well enhance world. Education is the main tool that brings knowledge to one`s self.

reflection 17

As New England began to think education would be beneficial to children. As parents thought their children should be wiser and educated, there motive to send children to school was to learn about Christianity. The talent to read was a motive to able to read the bible.Reading the bible was a way to make sure each person will have salvation after death. Religion was a focus in school, the only diverse textbook to use was the bible. The bible was their guide to read and write this set up grammar schools. The grammar school was meant to learn the basics in math and other subjects. Hornbooks that are not used in today’s education, which are paddles with lessons written on and would be hung around each students neck. The purpose was not to loose track of the lessons needed to be accomplished. Some lessons included in the 16 and 17th century were the alphabets, a prayer, or a praise. Students who were rich and wanted higher education attended colleges, such as, Harvard University. Many Ivy League colleges were created in these times. Teacher training and qualifications were to have high moral character and more educated than the rest of society. Attendance varied with the seasons and was not as mandatory as it is today. In today`s education, the main goal is to provide each child with a equal education. Education will improve society with economic status and provide more jobs. It`s ironic how education started with religion because now religion is a hidden like subject that is not spoken about in schools. Prayers and God related subjects can’t be said freely anymore, diverse people have different religion backgrounds in which we must understand. Teacher training as well has changed, to be a teacher getting a bachelors degree is the minimal requirement and being certified by state. Many things have been modified since the colonial and puritan times. Back then, other subjects weren’t as needed as required, such as, science and health.

Quiz 8

reflection 16

As sophists were the one who craved higher education, they were one of the firsts to use the art of rhetoric.Rhetorics is the art of persuading. Eudcation was centered on the art of rhetoric.In Ancient greece, the students would need to be trained to do public speaking to pesuade audience with their arguments. After the greek had used rhetoric in their society, Romans decided to take rhetoric and make it their own. Since rome adopted rhetoric, they decided to instill in their education. The romans higher education would focus in rhetoric, since it includes much details and technique to be succesful in that subject. After the romans decide to use rhetoric in their cirruclum . It would include speech like classes to practice topics given to the students and for them to observe their peers in their speeches. Learning how to debate with skils of memorization, oder and detailed organization in order to be rhetoric speaker. Two styles that were implemented were the classical and contemporary style. The classical style was in the means of public speaking , the other style in the subjects of law,arts, and science. Quintilian and Cicero were two people whos work and ideas dominated rhetoric education. They had ideas of what a speaker should be, which should have a higher moral character. Ethical appearance and organization of the speeches vary depending on the subjects spoken.Quintilian was more into the teaching of rhetoric and thought that when speaking,one should be direct and address audience.The romans knew that language and communication is what makes societies come together. In order to have people come together on ideas, the society must be able to communicate well enough to get ideas heard. Rhetoric continues to be a rule in education, even in college, each student must take a mandatory class of speech , in order to teach students effective communication.

reflection 15

Athens and Roman education had the same goal as modern days, education must be acquired over years starting at a young age. As both societies taught their literacy skills, the athenians included arts and physical education with their skills of math,writing and reading. Education in Athens was not obligated though many boys would go to school at least fourteen years old.The athenian boys were the only ones allow to go to school while the girls would stay home to learn wife and mother skills. The boys had similar options as today. The boys has an option at 18 to enroll in military service or the boys who wanted higher education which are labeled the sophists would study rhetoric and language skils. The Romans education was influenced from Athens. Boys in the Roman society started their basic education in home with their parents and nurses. Parents were their teachers to teach their basic skills of writing and math. Roman girls had a chance to at least learn, unlike Athens, they learned basic skill, not more than just the pilamary things. Rome were more diciplined in learning, for example, the students would get beat if they would get a wrong answer.The athenians influenced the romans by having secondary schools that would provide more advanced learning. For example, would have teachers and they were able to learn to persuage in the art of Rhetoric. The students around 16 would learn to use proper word choice and sentence structure. As athens wanted the students to build better character and provide ideas for them to make, the Romans were focused on learning to do things to benefit themselves. In modern education, I can see how education has evolved to what it is now. We have the same goals and motives for students, students go to school to get smarter and education benefits them in the long run. Both societies were limited in the fact, the wealthy families had more advantages to excell in education.

Quiz 7

Reflection 14

Aristotle, a powerful philosopher who`s ideas have impacted the modern western education. He was a student of Plato and carried out more ideas and concepts to education. His contribution was in area of science in physical science and logic. Aristotle had a strong concept that shaped his chain of being idea. His chain of being contributes the distinction of organisms that can be set apart from the rest. He thought that people were different from animals because they had a high ability for thinking. He ranked organisms from least to highest which were humans. He defined the word we use today called species, which are described as living things were described to be members of unchanging types.
As his ideas continued, he carried on Plato`s idea of the four causes. His causes are noted to be defined as “cause and effect”. His causes were material, formal, efficient and final. Material cause is the way the item is made up of or produced. The formal cause is the way the item was created and process. The efficient cause is main principle in which the item is produced and shaped. The final cause is the end of the product and uses its purpose. The causes are used for humans to process life with reasoning and purpose. Logic plays a role in life because sense and judgment is what influences our lives. Aristotle as well contributed to the physics world with his idea, unmoved mover. He describes the world consist of motion; he describes substance to be sensible that can be changeable. With substance being changeable, many things can come from that one substance change, such as quality, quantity, increase, variation, alteration. To name a few of subject contributions, Aristotle shaped the world of science, physics and logic. He created his own ideas that were derived but differed from Plato; he expanded and created new concepts. He excelled in biology, his chain of being was an example that was noticeable and utilize even in today`s world. In today`s classroom, reasoning and logic are some of the key goals that are implement in school. His detailed ideas have contributed and continue to be to be in practice in the modern world of education.

Reflection 13

With the help of mentor Socrates and student named Aristotle, another great philosopher was produced in the modern western civilization called, Plato. Plato was great contribution in education with his many ideas of the world. Idealism was great theory in which Plato thought only reality can be based on absolute truths. Idealism was commented to be a great influence of public education. Truth is all things, that idea of Plato’s is powerful and very influential in everything in today`s world. His theory that people should seek only truth is a way of him saying only right can come from truth. He saw math having an absolute truth when an equation is answered, he thought the same with everything else in life. Plato had ideas for that would benefit people. He thought that the pursuit of happiness would help embrace and motivate people to embrace concepts and ideas and focus less on material things. Just that idea alone is a concept used today in classrooms, jobs, and in life. Plato thought people are born blind to the world, in the sense; knowledge was something discovered and should be found with enlightened ideas. When material things get in the way of true knowledge it corrupts and damages the truths that were instilled within a person. Plato`s concept of Reminiscence is described to be a key factor in being knowledgeable, when taught about a subject , one must remember the information to be able to apply it or speak about it. Plato`s idea of forms is made up of the material world is disguised to be the real world, but really is a shadow of the world. Plato has many powerful ideas that contributes in today`s education world. As teachers, we want the students to find absolute truth with every subject taught to them. As he describes humans being born with ignorance is something can be comparable to students. Students start from kindergarten not knowing anything such as numbers and letters to having graduating in the 12 grade with much knowledge. As Plato says, knowledge is something that is discovered and should be embraced. I really enjoy reading about Plato, his ideas are very influential and should be continued to be in use.

Quiz 6

Reflection 9

Teachers have many meanings to its title. People view teacher as leader, facilitators and a gatekeeper. These characteristics describe a powerful teacher who takes the role of creating intellectual and social education. A gatekeeper controls and authorizes duties to do to run a smooth operation. When comparing a gatekeeper and teacher, they are very similar. Teachers take charge of the duties that are needed to carry out, such as, what is going to be assigned, and the power is appointed to a teacher. Since the teacher is the gatekeeper, he or she has controlled of how the learning environment is going to be. When teaching a class, the classroom can participate and do the assignment, but without someone guiding and giving out directions, the students in the classroom will fall apart. All schools want to have teachers who are qualified and are described as a gatekeeper. Without teachers pushing students to their greatest potential, students will never advanced. Interaction, participation and cooperation are all traits teachers teach students to be. Gatekeeper and teachers are acquired with knowledge that’s needed to be passed down to students. Students’ gain from teachers who effective in their lessons. Teachers follow up on gatekeeping because they have the control to the degree of the student`s progression to more advanced studies. Teachers have all the control to teach different subjects in ways for all students of different backgrounds to understand and apply it to assignments. With the way the students react to the assignment, shows the teachers known as the gatekeeper, to approach the subject in a different way for better results. Teachers manipulate lessons and tests out student`s potential. A teacher is the only one who knows his or her students the most. To be an education gatekeeper, a teacher must use its power in ways to enhance a classroom of students. Teachers should embrace the role of being a gatekeeper, with that said making critical decisions and shielding energy should be applied in every classroom.

Reflection 11

Socrates is better known to be associated with wisdom and educated. As his ideas impacted education, he was a teacher without a classroom. He was a person that had ideas about life and would go around Greece to engage people. He believes asking questions to people will make them rethink about their beliefs. His idea about happiness involves the foundation of knowledge. I can see why he would believe that, when a person is educated, happiness does occur. A person who is knowledgeable can have a great job with plenty of money and can live a happy life. Socrates had his method called Socratic Method which is his approach of asking people questions to help people rethink their values and beliefs. The examined life displays how people should treat life. The examine life gives advise on how to carry through life, such as morals and ideas. For example, Socrates believes each person is responsible for their own actions. That idea is implemented in life and in education. It’s a rule that is always enforced in school. Elechunus is part of the method and is used to test and investigate concepts and virtues. The goal to his method is to redefine and build more meaning to the investigated concepts. In today’s education I feel that this what we provide in our classroom, it can be associated with critical thinking and lectures with opinioned discussion. When having a discussion, teachers make students really think by asking questions to help expand their ideas. Socrates was a teacher who provided us future teachers with ideas and concepts that could be use in classes today. He was a powerful philosopher as well because he taught Plato, who was Socrates disciple, he provided plenty of famous works about beauty and included Socrates questioning. Socrates provides lesson for current teachers. His ideas has expanded and helped shape education.

Reflection 12

After the sputnik was launched in the 1950`s, an education revolution was in the making. When America was competing with the soviets with the space race to train and educate scientists and engineers. The thought of rigorous and math and science concentrated curriculum was in place.
The development of science and math implemented in grades k-12 was an idea to help improve and produce more engineers, scientists, and other occupations that math and science play a role in. The government promoted this more intense science and math curriculum was by congress passing an act called National Defense Education Act (NDEA). The NDEA encouraged the idea by funding more teaching training programs, provided loans and scholarship for college students that were studying those subjects, and improvement in k-12 curriculum to the name of national defense. The act provided more students to graduate and attend college and get into graduate schools. Much energy after the sixties was decade to improve math and science education. The goal to change k-12 curriculum was to make math and science fun to students so that could motivate them to become mathematicians or scientists as well as increase their knowledge. The curriculum became a well rounded and balanced set of courses. Vocational programs expanded and schools provided math and science with foreign language programs as well.
After the launch of the Sputnik, much of the idea behind the education reform still exists today. Math and science is implemented in every grade, as well as their schools clubs that students can participate. Robotics and mathletes are some examples to list of clubs that encourage these subjects. The movement encouraged the use of textbooks in class and publishers used textbooks as business as well. More degree options in college expanded that dealt with science and math related subjects.
To think the education reform was in effect to encourage better science and math education so that the U.S could benefit at cost. The space race benefited many students in the long run. America continues to compete with other countries.

Quiz 5

quiz 4

Reflection 10

From of the first schools article, I acquired the Sumerians wanted to be intelligent and professional. The invention of writing was not only created but was applied in school. The practice of cuneiform was difficult, but needed to be study in the curriculum. From the early times, school was established to have students with goals and faculty wanting to teach. Teachers had a purpose for every lesson they created. As the Sumerian’s schools were expanding, the curriculum as well flourished with subject varieties, such as, grammatical, mathematical, theological knowledge. Writing and copying were key in learning about subjects. Discipline and structure was implemented, by having a school dad which today we can compare as a principle and attendance was required. The purpose for school was to be educated in work in professional jobs in temple`s and palaces with the rich. Teachers gave students praises and encouragement, that is a characteristic used in today`s everyday classrooms. Though school provided a chance to climb the social status ladder, it was difficult because school days lasted from sunrise to sundown. The first schools provided a chance for advancement and intelligence to the Sumerians.
The approach of Ancient Egyptian Education was to have children carry out their parents roles. The parents can be compared to their teachers in the sense that they provided the kids with skills to work, but as well as giving the kids ideas about the world. Imitating and copying with their parents did was there education. The only people who could advance in careers were the rich people. With comparing the first schools and ancient Egypt education, only the children that were wealthy from painters and sculptors and city fathers had the chance to actually learn real education with reading, writing, and math. Social skills such as manners, religious beliefs were learned by the kids from their humble parents. As well as school, being difficult is something in comparison with the first schools and ancient Egypt. In the first schools, the days were long and in Egypt’s education, there was no set length for school.
Today`s teacher effectiveness has intensified and progressed from the ancient times. Teachers continue to provide their students with the basic skills of math, reading, and writing as well as the social skills provided in the Egypt`s education. Teachers continue to lecture but in today`s modern times add more technology and other advances. Using textbooks are in use in studying and reading just like the Sumerians first schools. Teacher effectiveness and school curriculum has diverse and non-discriminated with any type of social class.

Reflection 8

The waves of educational reform was to help shape and improve the educational world. Diversity, economical factors ,and other differences caused changes to a more modern education. The reform for modern education occurred began to 1983. The first wave lasted until 1986, the reasoning for the first wave was to increase teacher qualifications and high school graduation requirements. They wanted more advancement. Besides, teacher qualifications and higher requirements, they wanted standardized testing and curriculum. Though modern education was forming, the second wave in 1986 was continue a better improved education. Parental involvement was one improvement that was necessary. Students needed parents to be aware of their school work in order for them to be successful. As technology was advancing, having the use of technology was implemented in the school system. Having another resource like technology helps students get more involved. The third wave educational reform has occurred in the 1990`s and 2000`s. The changes during those two decades have increased with more improvement and progress. The child left no behind was in place to help the quality of education, improve test scores, and funding. For example, the major change was that all students from 3rd -8th grade had to standardized tested in math and reading. The schools had to have more qualified teachers with masters degrees and experience. I believe the last wave has been very dominant because many things to improve education has been implemented. In Florida, the FCAT is an mandatory factor to graduate from high school. The test`s purpose is to measures a student`s basic reading and math skills. From the FCAT test, schools are benefited by receiving more funding and a school grade. Schools push and pressure students to be prepared to take the test. Many levels to graduate from high school are require to meet. I agree with the standardized testing because to reach education success, one most go through many testing and plenty of studying.

Reflection 7

Ancient civilizations knew that education was necessary from a young age. One educational approach was homeschooling in Egypt was beneficial to the children and families. The children would learn more about their future occupation by imitating their families. They learned more about life skills, such as, honesty, making fair decisions and obedience. Education with homeschooling was following their parent’s footsteps, girls would learn how to run a household and poor children from farmer families would learn the skills to run a farm. There was no length of how long school lasted, but during the year writing, reading, and arithmetic was included. Mesopotamia had the same teachings with focusing on life skills with the children. Although life skills were common, they expanded more than just writing and reading, they focuses on higher learning. Medicine, law and science were expanded subjects .Scribes and priests were as close to be labeled with higher education. They felt scribes and priests are very intellectual. There way of actual learning was repeating, memorizing, and copying information. Apprenticeship was an approach of education used as well to help children learn skills for a profession. Though, apprenticeship was not a school, boys would learn craftsman work and along with tradesman would learn skills. The purpose for apprenticeship was very broad and needed more for boys because they had to learn skills to build property and other items. Temple schools in Egypt was another approach of education was that use. Spiritual teachings and practices were taught in temples. In Mesopotamia, temple schools were a great approach to education. They learned multiple things such as arithmetic, measurements, and writing children who needed to master the language of cuneiform would attend temple schools. Writing benefited them keep records of their property. The three approaches have expanded into today`s world of education. The purpose of education has not changed, but now and days its more organized and detailed.

Quiz 3

Reflection 5

Initiation and Rites of passage are defined to show a person`s advancement in his or her life. Most rites of passage are significant when the person is young. Teaching and learning have a role in initiations and rites of passage. The motive for an initiation is for the person to grow mentally and physically. By learning and teaching, people can acquire the knowledge to live a strong and wholesome life. Rites of passage displays the change in social status a person can attain.
Learning and teaching share the feeling of transformation with a rite of passage ceremony. Every year in a classroom, a person grows and matures. The same purposes people go through initiations are common with education. For example, the reasons why teachers go into the education field is because of their beliefs and hope for student success. While initiations are used in every person`s life because they have their belief that it is necessary for a person to go through a rite of passage to progress. Learning benefits a person to form their identity and as well as learning, rites of passage certainly help create a sense of being.
Rites of passage and learning go hand and hand to help create a person`s character. For example, Graduation is a major rite of passage to a world full of possibilities and without the knowledge gained from a classroom and teachers, the rite of passage will have not been accomplished. Initiations and rites of passage help promote a person`s strong will about life. Learning and teachings are what helped traditions and beliefs pass down from generations to generations. Since people have learned from initiations, it has made it possible to acquire the meaning and purpose to make initiations important.

Reflection 6

The development of writing was extremely vital to the great civilizations. Writing did not start with words and letters. The history of writing goes back to the B.C years when symbols and pictures were in practice. When the invention of writing began in Sumeria, the pictogram tokens were used to label farming good and were continued to use as memory aids and recordkeeping.
Writing provided the early civilization`s communities of hunters and gatherers to have documentation of their properties, such as, farms, food, and terrain. As times were getting to complicated to rely on memory, writing played it`s role. As the Sumerians had pictures written into clay blocks it transformed into symbols and to verbal elements. Cuneiform was known as pictures that were wedge shaped carving writing on a clay tablet. Pictograms and ideograms helped civilizations to create sound syllabus and symbols with meanings. Writing served many of the similar purposes in each great civilization. Writing provided documented events, stories, and traditions. Writing provided the people of the civilizations with recorded laws and rights. For example, in the 16th century, writing was becoming another way to document religious implications. As well as written laws, many of the trading people in the civilizations were able to keep track of their goods and business, such as, the Chinese civilizations having writing to create trade routes.
From the beginning of the history of writing, it has been an important element in life. Communication and other people skills would not have evolved without writing. The same purpose of writing from many years ago has carried on to the modern years of this world.

Quiz 1

Biography and Purpose

My name is Marilyn Lopez. I was born in Miami on August 29, 1990. I’m nineteen years old and in my sophomore year in Miami Dade College. My major is Elementary education, I love kids. I have been working with kids since my high school years. I was in the Early Childhood Education program for four years. I completed over 200 community service hours at an Elementary school. I like kids so much, I work at an after school program from grades kindergarten to fifth. I see myself accomplishing all my goals. I’ am school oriented; I have a 3.68 GPA and take five classes a semester. I’ am blessed I have my scholarship to help pay my classes. My motto is “Go hard or go home”, I always tell myself and kids that I work with that effort is the bridge that takes you to your goal. Therefore, since I practice that motto, I’ am graduating from Miami Dade this spring semester with honors. I can’t be any more thrill to transfer and start at FIU. In fall 2010, I start the Bachelors program in the College of Education. I’m very strong and independent. My parents support me the best way they can. It has been a rough year, my mom is unemployed and my dad recently had a stroke on Thanksgiving Day. I strive ten times harder because of them. Besides my hardwork and family issues, I do like to have fun. I’ m very proud and happy owner of a 2009 Honda Fit. My car is my pride and joy. I love to go to the beach, Miami weather is the best weather in the country. Shopping is a habit for me. I love the mall and going out to eat. I even like to tutor my little cousin. I have been in a relationship of three years. We both go to school and are finishing up together. Although I don’t see myself settling down yet, I would like to have a family and be married in my late 20`s, my boyfriend and I work hard for our future. The big goal for the decade is to be an elementary school teacher.

Reflection 4

The Human species has evolved over millions of years. The phylogenetic tree of the human species displays the species connection towards each other. There’s some species that are unknown if they have any correlations to the early human species. The tree helps me understand how the species are related, such as the Homo heidelbergensis has resulted in homo neanderthalensis to Homo sapiens.
Hominid refers to the members of the human family. The hominid species carries on from apes to humans. Fossils have helped scientists classify each human species. The fossils help identify each species from the skull to jawbones to brain size. One important and astonishing discovery was “Lucy” from the species called the Australopithicus afarensis. She was found in 1974, she proved that there was evidence of human species history. Her pelvis and hips displayed that she walked upright and not as a chimpanzee. Lucy made scientists discover more findings of the hominid evolution.
The article, African eve, describes Africa being the motherland of the human evolution. Scientists found the fossils of the Homo habilis which are associated with tools. The Homo erectus that was discovered in Africa showed they had a large skull with a big brain and walked in an upright position. About 600,000 years ago, the modern species of Homo sapiens was found in Africa. After the breakthrough of DNA, it has showed that the human species has been living in Africa longer than any other continent. This concludes that all of us humans have come from Africa. Since I was never educated about human evolution, my beliefs towards humans have formed. I never knew or would think that humans originated in Africa. The different species that have resulted in Homo sapiens showed all the transformations humans went through. Lucy `s discovery displayed an important finding in human ancestry.

Reflection 3

During my elementary and secondary years in school, my schools had a diverse amount of people in each class. I attended schools in Miami where many people from different religions, backgrounds, and languages surrounded me.
When I look back at those years, my teachers would embrace that our class was multicultural. My teachers would embrace multicultural education by the additive approach. The approach used was broad and basic but helped us better understand and build our multicultural knowledge. Since most of the students in my class had differences, my teachers would use that to their advantage. For example, in my fifth grade class when it was the month of December, my teacher, Ms. Hernandez used our holiday celebrations to share with the class. The month of December was separated into a week of Hanukah, a week of Christmas, and a week of Kwanzaa. The Jewish students would share some words and traditions with the class, such as lighting the menorah for eight nights. The Christian and catholic students and the rest of the class would participate in making ornaments and decorating the Christmas tree. The African Americans who celebrated Kwanzaa would learn the seven guiding principles.
Most of my teachers would follow the same route when educating us on multicultural curriculum. I feel that the additive approach is generic and should be taught until the third grade because although, the themes about black history, holocaust, and women`s month have made a knowledgeable impact in my education life, my teachers could have used a different and more profound approach for me and other students to learn from. The social action approach challenges students not only to learn the meaning of issues and themes, but it gets them involve. The approach promotes students to engage in activities that helps understand the subject that’s being taught to them. For example, the topic of eliminating racism can have students develop ways to reduce racism in the world. If the approach was applied in my classroom, I know I would have begun to create my own thoughts and perceptive on diverse subjects sooner. The Social action approach is a push for students to create their independent thinking.

Blog Comments

Coyote: From the looks of the inkblot, its an evil image. I see horns and slanted eyes,the mouth is open. The poem describes and supports my opinion that the image is some type of sinful beast.

Bat: In the image, I can clearly see a grey bat in the background. The big black image resembles a bat`s wings,but I don' t see the body of a bat. The poem describes the creature well, but I still don't see the big image resembling a bat.

Two gnomes dance the celebratory hopaky :Gnomes have red pointy hats. I see both of them facing forward and there body at an angle. They are reaching for there hands. Without seeing there faces, I can see happiness and celebrating. The poem describes what I see.

Reflection 2

Paradigms can be described as a point of view or a perspective. Paradigms help us create theories within ourselves, the way we as people view cultures, behaviors, and attitudes vary. The process of culture, behavior, and man`s ways of thinking was developed by paradigms shift. Paradigms shift is a transformation that changes one way of thinking to another.
The human`s revolution of inventions have and continue to change the we think, learn and see the world. The article`s position shows that inventions were a significant part in the human evolution. From millions years ago, human`s weapons were made for hunting. Humans learned that they needed to hunt for food so that they can become stronger and have clothes. Language as well was becoming more than hooting, it was a way of communication. Homo erectus was the first species to control fire. Fire was a change in there way of thinking and learned that fire can be used not only for food, but for warmth and even a way to bring man together. Increased domestication was occurring with women being home with the children and the men finding food. Men knew that being the man of the “house” was needed to protect his family. One of the biggest shifts was agriculture and farming that evolved. The creation of villages with vegetables and cattle became needed for the agricultural system. The advancement of communication helped man improve memory and the ability to actually make ideas and thoughts, the shift resulted in writing. Writing was a life changing shift because it gave human`s opportunity to write there history and share there thoughts at that time. Another invention that shifted human`s world of thinking was transportation. Horses and even the development of wheels gave the thought of transportation into use.
As the world continues to advance with cell phones, stem cell, internet, and other life changing inventions, it creates changes in our behavior, culture and attitudes. I believe the outlook of the world from the human`s eyes will continue metamorphosing as more inventions keep advancing.

Reflection 1

In the colonial times, becoming a teacher was no where near challenging or as demanding as it is today. Most teachers were not prepared with the fundamentals and skills to undertake a classroom. Chapter one states that the early field of education included teenagers with hardly any college education. The evolution of teacher preparation program started when the Normal school was created in 1823. The school provided two year programs filled with training, skills, and teaching methods. Though, the occupation of being a teacher was not respected, by the twentieth century it was starting to gain acceptance. As the demand for educated teachers were rising, more college and universities were increasing teaching programs. In 1980, the efforts to modify education were to have teachers gain higher standards and improve their professionalism. For example, some colleges expanded their programs from three to five years. In present time, two popular teacher preparation programs that are in universities and colleges are called Traditional and Alternative programs. The Alternative teacher preparation program could be called a minor in education. The program consists of college graduates that are knowledgeable in a subject and want to teach it in a classroom. The program provides them the fundamentals and skills that are needed in a classroom. Most college graduates take a summer course and then begin teaching in the upcoming school year. The alternative program called Teach for America provides teachers to educate in poor and under supplied schools. Many college students were motivated to take part in the program. The controversial issue was that most college graduates were not prepared for a difficult inner city classroom. The students as well as the teachers were not going to benefit as much. By extending more training and preparation, it can help run the program successfully in the future. There are other preparation programs emerging to help future teachers gain perspective of what to expect in a real classroom. The development of teacher preparation programs from colonial through present time has advanced and better trained teachers for the future.