reflection 16

As sophists were the one who craved higher education, they were one of the firsts to use the art of rhetoric.Rhetorics is the art of persuading. Eudcation was centered on the art of rhetoric.In Ancient greece, the students would need to be trained to do public speaking to pesuade audience with their arguments. After the greek had used rhetoric in their society, Romans decided to take rhetoric and make it their own. Since rome adopted rhetoric, they decided to instill in their education. The romans higher education would focus in rhetoric, since it includes much details and technique to be succesful in that subject. After the romans decide to use rhetoric in their cirruclum . It would include speech like classes to practice topics given to the students and for them to observe their peers in their speeches. Learning how to debate with skils of memorization, oder and detailed organization in order to be rhetoric speaker. Two styles that were implemented were the classical and contemporary style. The classical style was in the means of public speaking , the other style in the subjects of law,arts, and science. Quintilian and Cicero were two people whos work and ideas dominated rhetoric education. They had ideas of what a speaker should be, which should have a higher moral character. Ethical appearance and organization of the speeches vary depending on the subjects spoken.Quintilian was more into the teaching of rhetoric and thought that when speaking,one should be direct and address audience.The romans knew that language and communication is what makes societies come together. In order to have people come together on ideas, the society must be able to communicate well enough to get ideas heard. Rhetoric continues to be a rule in education, even in college, each student must take a mandatory class of speech , in order to teach students effective communication.

reflection 15

Athens and Roman education had the same goal as modern days, education must be acquired over years starting at a young age. As both societies taught their literacy skills, the athenians included arts and physical education with their skills of math,writing and reading. Education in Athens was not obligated though many boys would go to school at least fourteen years old.The athenian boys were the only ones allow to go to school while the girls would stay home to learn wife and mother skills. The boys had similar options as today. The boys has an option at 18 to enroll in military service or the boys who wanted higher education which are labeled the sophists would study rhetoric and language skils. The Romans education was influenced from Athens. Boys in the Roman society started their basic education in home with their parents and nurses. Parents were their teachers to teach their basic skills of writing and math. Roman girls had a chance to at least learn, unlike Athens, they learned basic skill, not more than just the pilamary things. Rome were more diciplined in learning, for example, the students would get beat if they would get a wrong answer.The athenians influenced the romans by having secondary schools that would provide more advanced learning. For example, would have teachers and they were able to learn to persuage in the art of Rhetoric. The students around 16 would learn to use proper word choice and sentence structure. As athens wanted the students to build better character and provide ideas for them to make, the Romans were focused on learning to do things to benefit themselves. In modern education, I can see how education has evolved to what it is now. We have the same goals and motives for students, students go to school to get smarter and education benefits them in the long run. Both societies were limited in the fact, the wealthy families had more advantages to excell in education.

Quiz 7

Reflection 14

Aristotle, a powerful philosopher who`s ideas have impacted the modern western education. He was a student of Plato and carried out more ideas and concepts to education. His contribution was in area of science in physical science and logic. Aristotle had a strong concept that shaped his chain of being idea. His chain of being contributes the distinction of organisms that can be set apart from the rest. He thought that people were different from animals because they had a high ability for thinking. He ranked organisms from least to highest which were humans. He defined the word we use today called species, which are described as living things were described to be members of unchanging types.
As his ideas continued, he carried on Plato`s idea of the four causes. His causes are noted to be defined as “cause and effect”. His causes were material, formal, efficient and final. Material cause is the way the item is made up of or produced. The formal cause is the way the item was created and process. The efficient cause is main principle in which the item is produced and shaped. The final cause is the end of the product and uses its purpose. The causes are used for humans to process life with reasoning and purpose. Logic plays a role in life because sense and judgment is what influences our lives. Aristotle as well contributed to the physics world with his idea, unmoved mover. He describes the world consist of motion; he describes substance to be sensible that can be changeable. With substance being changeable, many things can come from that one substance change, such as quality, quantity, increase, variation, alteration. To name a few of subject contributions, Aristotle shaped the world of science, physics and logic. He created his own ideas that were derived but differed from Plato; he expanded and created new concepts. He excelled in biology, his chain of being was an example that was noticeable and utilize even in today`s world. In today`s classroom, reasoning and logic are some of the key goals that are implement in school. His detailed ideas have contributed and continue to be to be in practice in the modern world of education.

Reflection 13

With the help of mentor Socrates and student named Aristotle, another great philosopher was produced in the modern western civilization called, Plato. Plato was great contribution in education with his many ideas of the world. Idealism was great theory in which Plato thought only reality can be based on absolute truths. Idealism was commented to be a great influence of public education. Truth is all things, that idea of Plato’s is powerful and very influential in everything in today`s world. His theory that people should seek only truth is a way of him saying only right can come from truth. He saw math having an absolute truth when an equation is answered, he thought the same with everything else in life. Plato had ideas for that would benefit people. He thought that the pursuit of happiness would help embrace and motivate people to embrace concepts and ideas and focus less on material things. Just that idea alone is a concept used today in classrooms, jobs, and in life. Plato thought people are born blind to the world, in the sense; knowledge was something discovered and should be found with enlightened ideas. When material things get in the way of true knowledge it corrupts and damages the truths that were instilled within a person. Plato`s concept of Reminiscence is described to be a key factor in being knowledgeable, when taught about a subject , one must remember the information to be able to apply it or speak about it. Plato`s idea of forms is made up of the material world is disguised to be the real world, but really is a shadow of the world. Plato has many powerful ideas that contributes in today`s education world. As teachers, we want the students to find absolute truth with every subject taught to them. As he describes humans being born with ignorance is something can be comparable to students. Students start from kindergarten not knowing anything such as numbers and letters to having graduating in the 12 grade with much knowledge. As Plato says, knowledge is something that is discovered and should be embraced. I really enjoy reading about Plato, his ideas are very influential and should be continued to be in use.

Quiz 6

Reflection 9

Teachers have many meanings to its title. People view teacher as leader, facilitators and a gatekeeper. These characteristics describe a powerful teacher who takes the role of creating intellectual and social education. A gatekeeper controls and authorizes duties to do to run a smooth operation. When comparing a gatekeeper and teacher, they are very similar. Teachers take charge of the duties that are needed to carry out, such as, what is going to be assigned, and the power is appointed to a teacher. Since the teacher is the gatekeeper, he or she has controlled of how the learning environment is going to be. When teaching a class, the classroom can participate and do the assignment, but without someone guiding and giving out directions, the students in the classroom will fall apart. All schools want to have teachers who are qualified and are described as a gatekeeper. Without teachers pushing students to their greatest potential, students will never advanced. Interaction, participation and cooperation are all traits teachers teach students to be. Gatekeeper and teachers are acquired with knowledge that’s needed to be passed down to students. Students’ gain from teachers who effective in their lessons. Teachers follow up on gatekeeping because they have the control to the degree of the student`s progression to more advanced studies. Teachers have all the control to teach different subjects in ways for all students of different backgrounds to understand and apply it to assignments. With the way the students react to the assignment, shows the teachers known as the gatekeeper, to approach the subject in a different way for better results. Teachers manipulate lessons and tests out student`s potential. A teacher is the only one who knows his or her students the most. To be an education gatekeeper, a teacher must use its power in ways to enhance a classroom of students. Teachers should embrace the role of being a gatekeeper, with that said making critical decisions and shielding energy should be applied in every classroom.

Reflection 11

Socrates is better known to be associated with wisdom and educated. As his ideas impacted education, he was a teacher without a classroom. He was a person that had ideas about life and would go around Greece to engage people. He believes asking questions to people will make them rethink about their beliefs. His idea about happiness involves the foundation of knowledge. I can see why he would believe that, when a person is educated, happiness does occur. A person who is knowledgeable can have a great job with plenty of money and can live a happy life. Socrates had his method called Socratic Method which is his approach of asking people questions to help people rethink their values and beliefs. The examined life displays how people should treat life. The examine life gives advise on how to carry through life, such as morals and ideas. For example, Socrates believes each person is responsible for their own actions. That idea is implemented in life and in education. It’s a rule that is always enforced in school. Elechunus is part of the method and is used to test and investigate concepts and virtues. The goal to his method is to redefine and build more meaning to the investigated concepts. In today’s education I feel that this what we provide in our classroom, it can be associated with critical thinking and lectures with opinioned discussion. When having a discussion, teachers make students really think by asking questions to help expand their ideas. Socrates was a teacher who provided us future teachers with ideas and concepts that could be use in classes today. He was a powerful philosopher as well because he taught Plato, who was Socrates disciple, he provided plenty of famous works about beauty and included Socrates questioning. Socrates provides lesson for current teachers. His ideas has expanded and helped shape education.

Reflection 12

After the sputnik was launched in the 1950`s, an education revolution was in the making. When America was competing with the soviets with the space race to train and educate scientists and engineers. The thought of rigorous and math and science concentrated curriculum was in place.
The development of science and math implemented in grades k-12 was an idea to help improve and produce more engineers, scientists, and other occupations that math and science play a role in. The government promoted this more intense science and math curriculum was by congress passing an act called National Defense Education Act (NDEA). The NDEA encouraged the idea by funding more teaching training programs, provided loans and scholarship for college students that were studying those subjects, and improvement in k-12 curriculum to the name of national defense. The act provided more students to graduate and attend college and get into graduate schools. Much energy after the sixties was decade to improve math and science education. The goal to change k-12 curriculum was to make math and science fun to students so that could motivate them to become mathematicians or scientists as well as increase their knowledge. The curriculum became a well rounded and balanced set of courses. Vocational programs expanded and schools provided math and science with foreign language programs as well.
After the launch of the Sputnik, much of the idea behind the education reform still exists today. Math and science is implemented in every grade, as well as their schools clubs that students can participate. Robotics and mathletes are some examples to list of clubs that encourage these subjects. The movement encouraged the use of textbooks in class and publishers used textbooks as business as well. More degree options in college expanded that dealt with science and math related subjects.
To think the education reform was in effect to encourage better science and math education so that the U.S could benefit at cost. The space race benefited many students in the long run. America continues to compete with other countries.

Quiz 5

quiz 4

Reflection 10

From of the first schools article, I acquired the Sumerians wanted to be intelligent and professional. The invention of writing was not only created but was applied in school. The practice of cuneiform was difficult, but needed to be study in the curriculum. From the early times, school was established to have students with goals and faculty wanting to teach. Teachers had a purpose for every lesson they created. As the Sumerian’s schools were expanding, the curriculum as well flourished with subject varieties, such as, grammatical, mathematical, theological knowledge. Writing and copying were key in learning about subjects. Discipline and structure was implemented, by having a school dad which today we can compare as a principle and attendance was required. The purpose for school was to be educated in work in professional jobs in temple`s and palaces with the rich. Teachers gave students praises and encouragement, that is a characteristic used in today`s everyday classrooms. Though school provided a chance to climb the social status ladder, it was difficult because school days lasted from sunrise to sundown. The first schools provided a chance for advancement and intelligence to the Sumerians.
The approach of Ancient Egyptian Education was to have children carry out their parents roles. The parents can be compared to their teachers in the sense that they provided the kids with skills to work, but as well as giving the kids ideas about the world. Imitating and copying with their parents did was there education. The only people who could advance in careers were the rich people. With comparing the first schools and ancient Egypt education, only the children that were wealthy from painters and sculptors and city fathers had the chance to actually learn real education with reading, writing, and math. Social skills such as manners, religious beliefs were learned by the kids from their humble parents. As well as school, being difficult is something in comparison with the first schools and ancient Egypt. In the first schools, the days were long and in Egypt’s education, there was no set length for school.
Today`s teacher effectiveness has intensified and progressed from the ancient times. Teachers continue to provide their students with the basic skills of math, reading, and writing as well as the social skills provided in the Egypt`s education. Teachers continue to lecture but in today`s modern times add more technology and other advances. Using textbooks are in use in studying and reading just like the Sumerians first schools. Teacher effectiveness and school curriculum has diverse and non-discriminated with any type of social class.